1868 – Ulysses S. Grant, a Republican, wins the Presidential election, defeating Democrat Horatio Seymour.
1870 – The Fifteenth Amendment is ratified, making it illegal to deny African-Americans the right to vote.
Changes in Southern Politics
* Rich planters no longer controlled Southern society.
Scalawags – Southern Republicans, often viewed as traitors by other white Southerners
Carpetbaggers – Northerners that moved to the South during Reconstruction looking for wealth, land, or to help the freedmen.
Ku Klux Klan – secret group set up in the South after the Civil War. Members terrorized primarily African-Americans, but they targeted Catholics and Jews as well.
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